HOW I DO IT

• Novel knot tying technique for robot-assisted surgery

  Guru A. Khurshid, Sheikh Raashid Mohd, Raza J. Syed, Stegemann P. Andrew, Nyquist John, MD Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA

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  Robot-assisted surgery has seen significant advancements in recent years, with dedicated training opportunities to acquire adequate skills. With improved degree of rotation and movement offered by the robot arm, newer techniques of knot tying need to be developed. Here we present a novel method of knot tying to help place a secure knot, especially with short suture length.

  Keywords: testosterone, hypogonadism, diagnosis,

  Aug 2012 (Vol. 19, Issue 4 , Page 6401)
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• A critical appraisal of accuracy and cost of laboratory methodologies for the diagnosis of hypogonadism: the role of free testosterone assays

  Morales Alvaro, Collier P. Christine, Clark F. Albert, MD Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

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  The biochemical diagnosis of male hypogonadism remains a controversial issue. The problem is compounded by the variety of laboratory assays available to measure serum testosterone (T) and the limited understanding, among clinicians, of their relative diagnostic validity. It is widely accepted that only the testosterone not bound to sex hormone-bounding globulin is metabolically active. Therefore, for diagnostic purposes it is frequent practice to order the measurement of free T (FT) or bioavailable T (BAT). Our objective is to describe the methods available for measuring FT and to review the literature to determine the relevance of ordering FT as a diagnostic laboratory tool in cases of suspected hypogonadism. We also provide our biochemical approach in evaluating men with T deficiency. The limited information available in this regard is frequently confined to the biochemistry literature. The few reliable studies indicate that analog-based measurement of FT offers no diagnostic or financial advantage over automated assay for total T. The manuscript also describes 'How we do it.' For optimal diagnostic accuracy and financial responsibility, total T and calculated FT (cFT) should be the tests employed for initial and confirmatory diagnosis respectively. Measurement of bioavailable T is an alternative option but not germane to the points to which we are calling attention in this paper. While clinicians should be discouraged from ordering FT assays, laboratories performing it should indicate what method was used and warned about possible reliability concerns. FT assays should no longer be a reimbursable test

  Keywords: free testosterone, superficial bladder cancer, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, fluorescence cystoscopy,

  Jun 2012 (Vol. 19, Issue 3 , Page 6314)
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