Abstract

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• Introduction:

  Artificial generative intelligence (AGI) and large language models (LLMs) have gained significant attention in healthcare and hold enormous promise for transforming every aspect of our life and urology is no exception.

  Materials and methods:

  We conducted a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases and included articles discussing AGI and LLMs in healthcare. Additionally, we have incorporated our experiences interacting with the ChatGPT and GPT-4 in different situations with real case reports and case constructs.

  Results:

  Our review highlights the potential applications and likely impact of these technologies in urology, for differential diagnosis, prioritizing treatment options, and facilitating research, surgeon, and patient education. At their current developmental stage, we have recognized the need for concurrent validation and continuous human interaction necessary to induce inverse reinforced learning with human feedback to mature them to authenticity. We need to consciously adjust to the hallucinations and guard patients’ confidentiality before their extensive implementations in clinical practice. We propose possible remedies for these shortcomings and emphasize the critical role of human interaction in their evolution.

  Conclusion:

  The integration of these tools has the potential to revolutionize urology, but it also presents several challenges needing attention. To harness the full potential of these models, urologists must consistently engage in training these tools with their clinical sense and experience. We urge the urology community to actively participate in AGI and LLM development to address potential challenges. These models could help us in unleashing our full potential and help us achieve a better work-life balance.