© The Canadian Journal of Urology™; 23(Supplement 1); February 2016
7. Irwin DE, Abrams P, Milsom I, Kopp Z, Reilly K on behalf of
EPIC study group. Understanding the elements of overactive
bladder: questions raised by the EPIC study.
BJU Int
2008;101(11):
1381-1387.
8. Stewart WF, Van Rooyen JB, Cundiff GW et al. Prevalence and
burden of overactive bladder in the United States.
World J Urol
2003;20(6):327-336.
9. Milsom I, Abrams P, Cardozo L, Roberts RG, Thuroff J, WeinAJ.
How widespread are the symptoms of an overactive bladder
and how are they managed? A population based prevalence
study.
BJU Int
2001;87(9):760-766.
10. Sekido N, Hinotsu S, Kawai K, Shimazui T, Akaza H. How
many uncomplicated male and female overactive bladder
patients reveal detrusor overactivity during urodynamic study?
Int J Urol
2006;13(10):1276-1279.
11. TelokenC,CaraverF,WeberFAetal.Overactivebladder:prevalence
and implications in Brazil.
Eur Urol
2006;49(6):1087-1092.
12. Temml C, Heidler S, PonholzerA, Madersbacher S. Prevalence of
the overactive bladder syndrome by applying the International
Continence Society definition.
Eur Urol
2005;48(4):622-627.
13. Radomski SB, Barkin J. Medical management of overactive
bladder.
Can J Urol
2012;19(Suppl 1):2-9.
14. Barkin J. Overactive bladder.
Can J Urol
2011;18(Suppl 1):8-13.
15. DrakeMJ, ChappleC, Sokol R, et al,NEPTUNEStudyGroup. Long
termsafetyandefficacyof single-tablet combinations of solifenacin
and tamsulosin oral controlled absorption system in men with
storage and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms: results from
the NEPTUNE study andNEPTUNE II open-label extension.
Eur
Urol
2015;67(2):262-270.
16. Rosenberg MT, Witt ES, Barkin J, Miner M. Apractical primary
care approach to overactive bladder.
Can J Urol
2014;(Suppl 2):
2-11.
17. Gormley EA, Lightner DJ, Faraday M, Vasavada SP, American
Urological Association; Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic
Medicine. Diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder (non-
neurogenic) in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline amendment.
J Urol
2015;193(5):1572-1580.
18. Kaplan SA, Roehrborn CG, Abrams P, Chapple CR, Bavendam
T, Guan Z. Antimuscarinics for treatment of storage lower
urinary tract symptoms in men: a systematic review.
Int J Clin
Pract
2011;45(4):487-507.
19. Friedman FM, Weiss, JP. Desmopressin in the treatment of
nocturia: clinical evidence and experience.
Ther Adv Urol
2013;
5(6):310-317.
20. Nitti VW, Rosenberg S, Mitcheson DH, He W, Fakhoury A,
Martin NE. Urodynamics and safety of the
β
3
-adrenoceptor
agonist mirabegron inmales with lower urinary tract symptoms
and bladder outlet obstruction.
J Urol
2013;190(4):1320-1327.
21. Abrams P, Kaplan S, De Koning Gans HJ, Millard R. Safety and
tolerability of tolterodine for the treatment of overactive bladder
in men with bladder outlet obstruction.
J Urol
2006;175(3 Pt 1):
999-1004.
22. Radomski SB. Update on medical therapy for male LUTS.
Can
Urol Assoc J
2014;8(7-8 Suppl 5):S148-S150.
23. Jayarajan J, Radomski SB. Pharmacotherapy of overactive
bladder in adults: a review of efficacy, tolerability and quality
of life.
Res Rep Urol
2013;6:1-16.
24. Kay GG, Ebinger U. Preserving cognitive function for patients
with overactive bladder: evidence for a differential effect with
darifenacin.
Int J Clin Pract
2008;62(11):1792-1800.
25. Kay G, Crook T, Rekeda L et al. Differential effects of the
antimuscarinic agents darifenacin and oxybutinin ER on
memory in older subjects.
Eur Urol
2006;50(2):317-326.
26.Wagg A, Khullar V, Marschall-Kehrel D et al. Flexible-dose
fesoterodine in elderly adults with overactive bladder: results
of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of
fesoterodine in an aging population trial.
J Am Geriatr Soc
2013;
61(2):185-193.
Eapen AND Radomski
8
References
1. Herschorn S, Kaplan SA, Sun F, Ntanios F. Do patient
characteristics predict responsiveness to treatment of overactive
bladder with antimuscarinic agents?
Urology
2014;83(5):
1023-1029.
2. Valentini FA, Marti BG, Robain G. Idiopathic and neurogenic
detrusor overactivity: do the different patterns have urodynamic
characteristics related to gender or neurological condition?
Int
Braz J Urol
2013;39(5):663-670.
3. Link CL, Steers WD, Kusek JW, McKinlay JB. The association of
adiposity and overactive bladder appears to differ by gender:
results from the Boston Area Community Health survey.
J Urol
2011;185(3):955-963.
4. Patra PB, Patra S. Sex differences in the physiology and
pharmacology of the lower urinary tract.
Cur Urol
2013;6(4):
179-188.
5. Coyne KS, Sexton CC, Vats V, Thompson C, Kopp ZS, Milsom
I. National community prevalence of overactive bladder in
the United States stratified by sex and age.
Urology
2011;77(5):
1081-1087.
6. Irwin DE, Milsom I, Hunskaar S et al. Population-based survey
of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and other lower
urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC
study.
Eur Urol
2006;50(6):1306-1315.
and men. The prevalence of OAB and its symptoms
increases with increasing age in both genders. Whilst
the overall prevalence is similar in both genders,
there are some sex-specific differences. Urinary urge
incontinence is more common in women than in men.
OAB has a significant impact on the quality of life,
quality of sleep and mental health in both males and
females. Investigations are similar in both genders
with extra measures being taken in men to exclude
bladder outlet obstruction. Treatments should take on
a multidisciplinary approachwith the implementation
of lifestyle modifications and behavioral therapies
alongside pharmacotherapy for the most optimal
outcome. In most cases of OAB, treatment can be
easily initiated by the family physician and referral
to a urologist can be undertaken when symptoms are
refractory to treatment or if the OAB appears to be
complex.
Disclosure
Dr. Renu S. Eapen has no disclosure.
Dr. Sidney B. Radomski is on advisory boards for
Astellas, Pfizer, Allergan, Merus Labs and Lilly.